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Může průchod střevem žížal ovlivnit strukturu jílových minerálů: předběžné výsledky
Hušák, M. ; Frouz, Jan ; Had, J.
The effect of gut passage by three earthworm species (.i.Lumbricus rubellus, Dendrobaena octaedra, Dendrodrilus rubidus./i.) on the structure of ingested clay minerals was studied using X ray powder diffractometery. No differences were found in the peak's positions in diffraction spectra of clay spoil and clay in earthworm casts, indicating no changes in clay lamella inter-spacing. Differences were found in the peak's sizes, which seem to be caused by changes in preferential orientation of clay minerals during gut passage.
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Povrchová aktivita osmi běžných druhů chvostoskoků ve smrkových lesích a na pasekách po kůrovcové kalamitě v Národním parku Šumava, Česká republika
Brůhová, Jindřiška ; Rusek, Josef
Surface activity of eight common epigeic species of Collembola were studied in spruce forests, dead spruce forests and clearings in the Šumava National Park, South Bohemia, Czech Republic: .i.Lepidocyrtus lignorum, Leidocyrus cyaneus, Pogonognathellus longicornis, Tomocerus minutus, Tetracanthella stachi, Allacma fusca, Entomobrya nivalis, Dicyrtomina minuta./i.. Five pitfall traps were exposed at each of the 9 sites in the summer and autumn periods to study the impact of spruce forest die-off after bark beetle attack (dead forests) and on clearings. Material comprising 79435 specimens was evaluated in this study using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test for comparing Collembola activity between the sites and seasons. Complete linkage (Euclidean distances) cluster analysis was used for comparing the collembolan activity in all nine sites.
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Energetika larev tří druhů čeledi Bibionidae
Frouz, Jan ; Šustr, Vladimír ; Kalčík, Jiří
Food consumption, defecation, assimilation and production were studied in three species of bibionid larvae (.i.Bibio marci, B. pomonae, Penthetria holosericea./i.) feeding either on leaf litter or their own excrements. Assimilation efficiency of larvae feeding on leaf litter was in all species higher then assimilation efficiency of the same species feeding on their own excrements. Larvae reared on excrements also lost weight, which indicated that excrements were insufficient as an exclusive source of energy. In .i. B. marci, P. holosericea./i. the effect of temperature on assimilation efficiency was studied. In .i. P. holosericea./i. assimilation efficiency decreased with increasing temperature. This trend was not observed in .i. B. marci. B. marci./i. was fed on pure cellulose to test if cellulose can serve as the only source of energy. Mortality of larvae feeding on cellulose was significantly higher than of those feeding on leaf litter and did not differ from starving larvae.
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Sukcese hmyzenek (Protura) a vidličnatek (Diplura) na haldách chemické továrny
Rusek, Josef
Primary succession of Protura and Diplura was studied on deposits of a former chemical factory at Petrovice u Karviné, NE Moravia, Czech Republic, in 1978-1979, 1993 and in 2002-2004. Chemically loaded deposits were 15, 25 and 60 years old in 1979 and a primary succession without plant re-cultivation took place there. The succession was delayed on small humps and slopes where the deposited substrate was covered by terrestrial algae, lichens and mosses. Protura did not enter the primary succession before a moss cover occurred on the 15 years old heap and they were represented only by .i.Acerentulus traegardhi./i.. Three species of Protura were established in the 20 years old grass-covered stage as well as on the 49 years old heap. They occurred in low densities up to the 74 years old stage (and older), in which a proturan community of 4-6 species was established.
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Vliv různých travních směsí na společenstva pancířníků (Acari: Oribatida) v iniciálních sukcesních stádiích během obnovy květnatých luk
Starý, Josef
Altogether 400 quantitative soil samples were taken from 8 stationary plots in the localities Výzkum and Čertoryje in the Bílé Karpaty Mts. during the years 1999-2002. The present study is based on material of 10563 oribatid specimens belonging to 62 oribatid species. The lowest species richness and mean abundance were recorded on the plot with agricultural management.The highest mean abundance was found on the old sub-xerothermic meadow in Čertoryje. The eurytopic species .i.Scheloribates laevigatus./i. and .i.Tectocepheus velatus./i. as well as the heliophilous .i.Punctoribates punctum./i. were eudominant in all studied plots. These eudominant species were complemented by the dominant and recedent eurytopic species .i.Microppia minus, Hemileius initialis, Achipteria coleoptrata./i. and .i.Medioppia subpectimata./i.. The rare xerophilous species .i.Lucoppia burrowsi./i. was found in the plots sowed by different grass mixtures and in the fallow.
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Potravní zdroje bezobratlých v Ardovské jeskyni a v jeskyni Domica - předběžné výsledky
Nováková, Alena ; Elhottová, Dana ; Krištůfek, Václav ; Lukešová, Alena ; Hill, P. ; Kováč, L. ; Mock, A. ; Luptáčik, P.
The chemistry (organic matter content and pH) of different substrates from the Ardovská and Domica Caves in the Slovak Karst National Park (Slovakia) and the composition of their microbial communities were studied. Differences in organic matter content and microbial communities were found between the substrates from the Domica and Ardovská Caves. A broad spectrum of photoautotrophic microorganisms (algae and cyanobacteria) was found in different cave microhabitats (cave sediment, rotten wood, earthworms casts and isopods faeces), but no algae were detected in the fresh bat droppings and in the intestinal tract of the isopod .i.M. graniger./i.. Microfungi and bacterial colonies play the primary role in transforming bat guano into a food source for saprophagous and microphytophagous invertebrates.
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Zajímavé a vzácné saprotrofní mikroskopické houby z exkrementů a ostatních substrátů jeskyně Domica a Ardovské jeskyně (NP Slovenský kras, Slovensko)
Nováková, Alena
A broad spectrum of saprotrophic microfungi representing possible food sources for cave invertebrates was isolated from different substrata (invertebrates, bat and marten excrements, bat guano, cave sediment, air) from the Domica and Ardovská Caves. .i.Pidoplitchkoviella terricola./i. and .i.Thielavia hyrcaniae./i. are rather rarely isolated micromycetes. The species interesting from the point of view of the colony appearance or microscopic properties were .i.Penicillium glandicola, Beauveria brongniartii, Chaetomium indicum, Penicillium hirsutum, Penicillium hordei, Rhinocladiella./i. sp., .i.Aspergillus versicolor, Echinobotryum./i. state of .i.Doratomyces stemonitis./i., and .i.Oidiodendron cerealis./i..
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Příspěvky k půdní zoologii ve střední Evropě I. Příspěvky ze 7. středoevropského půdně zoologického workshopu
Proceedings book involves contributions presented at the 7th Central European Workshop on Soil Zoology held in České Budějovice on April 14-16, 2003. Individual papers summarise actual results from partial disciplines of soil zoology and ecology, taxonomy and faunistic of individual groups of soil invertebrates. Several studies summarise information about the composition and changes of soil animal communities, both in natural and non disturbed grassland and forest soils in Central Europe as well as in soils differently influenced by human activities. A part of the papers deal with the distribution and ecology of cave invertebrates.
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Hlístice (Nematoda) v jílech hald uhelných dolů a v pokusně introdukovaných pásech luční půdy
Háněl, Ladislav
Soil nematodes were studied in coal-mining clay spoil denuded by a landslide of the upper part of a colliery dump three years ago. This control plot was compared with nematodes in introduced strips of fresh meadow soil heaped up on the spoil and in spoil strips between these soil strips. .i.Ecumenicus monohystera./i. (25% of all nematode individuals) and .i.Aporcelaimellus obtusicaudatus./i. (23%) dominated in the control spoil whereas in spoil between soil strips their population densities decreased. The greatest number of nematode species and genera was present in the soil strips. The number of species and genera increased in spoil strips adjacent to soil strips and proportions between trophic groups partially changed. Introduction of fresh meadow soil into colliery spoils may influence nematode assemblages in post-mining clays. Nevertheless, clay patches can harbour peculiar nematode assemblages that can contribute to the overall diversity of a post-mining landscape.
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Žížaly v ekotonu pole - les
Pižl, Václav ; Zeithaml, J.
The effects of a forest-field ecotone on the density, biomass and species composition of earthworm communities were assessed. Five sites (blocks) differing in type of crop rotation used in the field were studied near Kostelec nad Černými Lesy, Czech Republic. At each block, soil samples were taken in seven parallel rows perpendicular to a transect from the oak forest to the centre of the field. Individual rows were located: in the forest (5 m from the edge), on the foresf edge, and in the field in distances of 5,10, 25, 50, 100 m from the edge of the forest. Six samples were taken in each row in spring 2001. Digging and hand sorting of soil samples, followed by formalin application was used to extract earthworms. Nine species and subspecies of earthworms were identified, among which .i.Aporrectodea caliginosa./i. predominated. Per block, the species number varied from 5 to 7.
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